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The risk factors and related hospitalizations for cases with positive and negative COVID-19 tests: A case-control

Mostafa Ghanei1, Hossein Keyvani2, Aliakbar Haghdoost3

  • 1Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

International Immunopharmacology
|June 29, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Risk factors for hospitalization differ between COVID-19 positive and negative patients. Comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension, along with symptoms such as fever and dyspnea, significantly increase hospitalization risk in both groups.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Evaluating risk factors for hospitalization is crucial for managing patient outcomes.
  • Distinguishing between COVID-19 positive and negative cases aids in targeted treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and compare risk factors associated with hospital admission in patients with and without COVID-19.
  • To understand the predictive value of various demographic, comorbidity, and symptom variables for hospitalization.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study design was employed, comparing 292 COVID-19 patients with 296 non-COVID-19 patients.
  • Data were collected via interviews and questionnaires from patients referred to a Tehran reference laboratory in March 2020.
  • Telephone follow-ups were conducted to record patient data.

Main Results:

  • For non-COVID-19 cases, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, asthma) and symptoms (fever, chills, anorexia, dyspnea, weakness) were strong predictors of hospitalization.
  • For COVID-19 patients, male gender, age over 50, BMI over 25, travel history, diabetes, hypertension, corticosteroid use, anorexia, and dyspnea increased hospitalization risk.
  • Odds ratios (OR) indicated significant associations, e.g., OR=7.42 for diabetes in non-COVID-19 and OR=6.99 for dyspnea in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

  • Different risk factors are associated with hospital admission for COVID-19 positive and negative individuals.
  • Identifying these distinct predictive variables can inform clinical decision-making and resource allocation for hospitalized patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Co-MorbiditiesHospitalizationPolicymaking

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