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Proposed integrative model for post-COVID symptoms.

César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas1, Lidiane L Florencio1, Víctor Gómez-Mayordomo2

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|June 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study proposes an integrative model for characterizing post-COVID symptoms, differentiating between new-onset, exacerbated, persistent, and delayed-onset conditions to better understand long-COVID.

Keywords:
COVID-19ClassificationDefinitionLong COVIDPersistentSymptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Post-COVID conditions present a heterogeneous clinical picture.
  • Understanding the diverse nature of long-COVID symptoms is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Previous symptomatology in relation to COVID-19 infection requires careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrative model for classifying post-COVID symptoms.
  • To differentiate symptoms based on their relationship to prior health status and COVID-19 infection timeline.
  • To provide a framework for a more precise characterization of long-COVID.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases for original articles and reviews on post-COVID symptoms.
  • Analysis of existing research to identify key symptom categories and influencing factors.
  • Development of a conceptual model integrating various contributing elements.

Main Results:

  • Proposed classification of post-COVID symptoms into 'new-onset', 'exacerbated', 'persistent', and 'delayed-onset' categories.
  • 'New-onset' symptoms are those never experienced before COVID-19 and appearing afterward.
  • 'Exacerbated' symptoms were present before COVID-19 but worsened post-infection.
  • 'Persistent' symptoms continue from the acute phase without remission.
  • 'Delayed-onset' symptoms appear after a latency period post-acute infection.
  • The integrative model incorporates predisposing individual factors, disease severity-related biological factors, hospitalization/treatment influences, and outbreak context.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed integrative model offers a structured approach to understanding post-COVID symptomology.
  • This model can aid in overcoming the heterogeneity in current long-COVID literature.
  • A refined characterization of long-COVID is essential for advancing research and clinical practice.