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The Infraorder Coccomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera).

Chris Hodgson1, Barb Denno2, Gillian W Watson3

  • 1. hodgsoncj@cardiff.ac.uk.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scale insects (infraorder Coccomorpha) are highly specialized Hemiptera. Adult females are sessile and larviform, while males are winged with no mouthparts, showcasing extreme sexual dimorphism.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Insect Morphology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Scale insects (infraorder Coccomorpha) represent a unique infraorder within the Hemiptera.
  • They exhibit extreme morphological specializations and sexual dimorphism.
  • This group is characterized by unique tarsal segmentation and claw structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the morphological specializations within the scale insect infraorder (Coccomorpha).
  • To highlight the extreme sexual dimorphism observed in scale insects.
  • To establish the taxonomic framework of Coccomorpha, including fossil and extant families.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological analysis of scale insect specimens.
  • Comparative analysis with other Hemiptera suborders.
  • Taxonomic review and classification of known scale insect families.

Main Results:

  • Scale insects are the most morphologically specialized Hemiptera, forming a monophyletic group within Sternorrhyncha.
  • They possess unique one-segmented tarsi and a single claw, distinguishing them from other hemipterans.
  • Extreme sexual dimorphism is evident, with sessile, larviform females and winged, mouthpart-less males.
  • Currently, 54 families of Coccomorpha are recognized, with 20 known only from fossils and 34 extant.

Conclusions:

  • The infraorder Coccomorpha displays remarkable morphological adaptations and sexual dimorphism.
  • Understanding these specializations is key to their classification and evolutionary studies.
  • The current taxonomic structure recognizes a significant diversity of both fossil and extant scale insect families.