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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Fertility Preservation in Adolescent Males.

M Horan1,2,3, L Hartigan1,2,3, H Groarke1

  • 1Merrion Fertility Clinic, Dublin.

Irish Medical Journal
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Establishing a national sperm cryopreservation program for adolescent males with cancer proved feasible. This service successfully preserved fertility for 80% of patients, offering a vital option for cancer survivors.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Childhood cancer survival rates exceed 80%, increasing focus on long-term survivorship.
  • Fertility loss is a significant late effect of cancer therapies.
  • International guidelines recommend sperm cryopreservation for post-pubertal males before cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of a national sperm cryopreservation program for adolescent males.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of a pilot fertility preservation service.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of patient demographics and semen parameters for adolescent male oncology patients.
  • Sperm analysis conducted according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen patients were referred; 12 (80%) attempted sperm production.
  • Three of 12 (25%) samples were unsuitable for cryopreservation.
  • Eight patients (age 12-17) successfully cryopreserved sperm; 25% met WHO normal limits, 50% had reduced concentration.

Conclusions:

  • A structured national fertility preservation service for adolescent males in Ireland has been successfully established.
  • Sperm cryopreservation is an accessible method to safeguard fertility in male cancer patients.
  • This service should be universally offered to male patients undergoing cancer treatment.