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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cardiovascular Imaging - Introducing the Spatially Weighted Calcium Score for Early Disease Detection
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C-factor: a summary measure for systemic arterial calcifications.

Lieke M Kuiper1, M Kamran Ikram1,2, Maryam Kavousi1

  • 1Departments of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new C-factor measure effectively quantifies systemic arterial calcification burden. This C-factor predicts mortality risk better than site-specific calcification, offering a robust systemic health indicator.

Keywords:
Arterial calcificationArteriosclerosisBiomarkerEpidemiologyImaging

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Arterial calcification is a key marker of arteriosclerosis with varied distribution.
  • A unified measure for systemic arterial calcification burden was previously unavailable.
  • The C-factor is introduced as a novel metric for overall calcification burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the C-factor as a systemic measure of arterial calcification.
  • To assess the association of the C-factor with cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular, and overall mortality.
  • To compare the predictive power of the C-factor against site-specific calcification.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified calcification in coronary, aortic, carotid, and vertebrobasilar arteries using CT in 2384 participants.
  • Applied principal component analysis to define the C-factor from vessel calcification volumes.
  • Utilized intraclass correlation coefficients and Cox-regression to analyze C-factor reliability and mortality associations.

Main Results:

  • The C-factor demonstrated high reliability (ICCs 0.80-0.99) across vessel combinations.
  • Higher C-factor and calcification volumes were linked to increased mortality risk.
  • The C-factor remained a significant predictor of all mortality types, outperforming site-specific measures.

Conclusions:

  • The C-factor effectively summarizes systemic arterial calcification.
  • The C-factor shows robust associations with mortality, independent of specific arterial sites.
  • This metric offers a valuable tool for assessing overall calcification burden and associated risks.