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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Fast and strong amplifiers of natural selection.

Josef Tkadlec1, Andreas Pavlogiannis2, Krishnendu Chatterjee3

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. josef.tkadlec@gmail.com.

Nature Communications
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Strong amplifiers increase beneficial mutation fixation probability but can delay evolution. This study shows that while some delay is unavoidable, marginal slowdowns are achievable, establishing a tight link between fixation probability and evolutionary time.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Population structure influences evolutionary dynamics, affecting mutation fixation.
  • Amplifiers of selection enhance fixation probability of beneficial mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the relationship between strong amplifiers and fixation time.
  • To determine if strong amplification necessitates significant evolutionary slowdown.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of population structures.
  • Construction of novel strong amplifier models.

Main Results:

  • Proved that all strong amplifiers inherently delay fixation events.
  • Developed strong amplifiers with only marginal fixation time delays compared to well-mixed populations.

Conclusions:

  • Strong amplification of beneficial mutation fixation always incurs a slowdown cost.
  • Marginal slowdown is sufficient, indicating optimized strong amplifiers are possible.