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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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The Arch of Aorta01:10

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The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
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Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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Upper limb arterial pattern: clinical correlation and embryological perspective.

Laishram Sophia1, Darshita Singh1, Neha Xalxo1

  • 1Lady Hardinge Medical College - LHMC, Department of Anatomy, Connaught Place, New Delhi, India.

Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anatomical variations in upper limb arteries are common. Understanding these arterial patterns is crucial for successful surgical and interventional procedures.

Keywords:
angiographyaxillary arterybrachial arterycoronary artery bypassreconstructive surgery

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Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Analysis for Embryonic Limb Skin Vasculature: a Model System to Study Vascular Branching Morphogenesis in Embryo
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Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Analysis for Embryonic Limb Skin Vasculature: a Model System to Study Vascular Branching Morphogenesis in Embryo
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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Anatomy
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • Upper limb arterial patterns exhibit frequent variations.
  • Familiarity with vascular anomalies is essential for surgical and interventional success.
  • Variations can occur in the axillary artery, brachial artery, and their branches like the radial and ulnar arteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate unique arterial patterns in the upper limb.
  • To correlate observed arterial variations with embryological development.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 42 adult human cadaver upper limbs.
  • Examination of entire arterial branching over a 3-year period.
  • Study conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi.

Main Results:

  • One case of a common trunk from the axillary artery branching into four vessels (2.4%).
  • High brachial artery division into radial and ulnar arteries observed in 7.1% of cases.
  • Incomplete superficial palmar arch (7.1%) and presence of a median artery (4.8%) were noted.

Conclusions:

  • This study documented diverse upper limb arterial patterns and anomalies.
  • Identified variations aid surgeons in preventing complications during reconstructive surgeries and angiography.
  • Findings enhance the surgeon's knowledge base for improved procedural outcomes.