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Humans are less cooperative with artificial intelligence (AI) than with other people. Even when AI is benevolent, people exploit it more, posing risks for future human-AI collaboration and necessitating human-centered policies.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Artificial Intelligence Ethics

Background:

  • Humans exhibit cooperative behavior despite potential risks of exploitation.
  • The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) raises questions about reciprocal cooperation between humans and machines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate human cooperative dispositions when interacting with AI agents compared to human partners.
  • To determine if trust in AI translates to reciprocal cooperation.

Main Methods:

  • Nine experiments were conducted using four classic social dilemma economic games and a novel Reciprocity game.
  • Participants interacted with either a human or an AI agent in these games.

Main Results:

  • Participants trusted AI agents as much as human partners.
  • However, humans reciprocated AI's benevolence less frequently and exploited AI more than humans.
  • Cooperative dispositions were weaker when interacting with AI.

Conclusions:

  • Human reciprocity towards AI is significantly lower than towards humans, despite trust.
  • Future AI systems relying on human cooperation, like autonomous vehicles or robots, face exploitation risks.
  • Development requires not only advanced AI but also human-centered policies to foster genuine cooperation.