Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
Published on: February 11, 2017
Parental self-efficacy: Examining its mediating and reciprocally predictive roles in supportive emotion socialization
Wing Kai Fung1, Kevin Kien Hoa Chung1, Chun Bun Lam1
1Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.
Abstract:
This longitudinal study examined the associations between child negative affect, parental self-efficacy (PSE), and parents' approaches to the provision of supportive socialization. It also investigated the bidirectionality between PSE, problem-focus socialization, and emotion-focus socialization across two time points separated by one year. Participants were 757 Hong Kong Chinese parents (47.4% fathers) of kindergarten children. At both time 1 and time 2, parents reported their PSE, problem-focus socialization, and emotion-focus socialization. Additionally, parents rated their child's negative affect at time 1. Results from the cross-lagged panel model revealed that, controlling for the effects of school's socioeconomic strata, child gender, parental age, and educational level, PSE at time 1 mediated the indirect links of child negative affect at time 1 with problem-focus (indirect effect: β = -.02, SE = .02, p < .05) and emotion-focus (indirect effect: β = -.02, SE = .01, p < .05) socialization at time 2 and that PSE (β = .10, SE = .06, p < .01) and problem-focus socialization (β = .15, SE = .03, p < .05) were reciprocally associated with each other. Findings underscored the role of PSE in understanding parental provision of supportive socialization and the co-development of belief about parenting and parenting behaviors.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Primary Temperament Types
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Self-Efficacy

