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Periodontitis severity in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Petra Stazić1, Marija Roguljić2, Zoran Đogaš3
1Study Programme of Dental Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
Clinical Oral Investigations
|June 30, 2021
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to severe periodontitis. Higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and factors like smoking and age increase risk. Regular dental visits may reduce severity.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Sleep Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition affecting millions globally.
- Periodontitis, a severe gum infection, shares common risk factors with OSA, including age and smoking.
- The relationship between OSA severity and periodontitis stage requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the stages of periodontitis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
- To identify risk factors associated with periodontitis severity in OSA patients.
- To explore the correlation between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and periodontal health.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 194 patients who underwent polysomnography/polygraphy.
- Patients were classified by OSA severity (mild vs. moderate to severe) based on AHI.
- Periodontitis severity was assessed using clinical attachment level (CAL) and grouped into stages 1-2 and 3-4.
Main Results:
- Patients with moderate to severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15) showed higher periodontitis stages (3-4) compared to mild OSA (AHI < 15) and non-periodontitis groups.
- A significant positive correlation was observed between AHI and mean CAL (r=0.215, p=0.004) and plaque scores (r=0.292, p<0.001).
- Multivariable analysis identified AHI (β=0.169, p=0.031), older age (β=0.266, p=0.001), smoking (β=0.305, p<0.001), and lower dental visit frequency (β=-0.182, p=0.02) as predictors of increased mean CAL.
Conclusions:
- OSA is associated with severe periodontitis, with increased severity linked to higher AHI.
- Age, smoking status, and infrequent dental visits are significant risk factors for severe periodontitis in OSA patients.
- Screening for periodontitis is recommended for patients diagnosed with more severe forms of OSA.
Keywords:
EpidemiologyPeriodontal disease(s)/periodontitisPeriodontal medicinePolysomnographyRisk factor(s)Sleep-disordered breathingMore Related Videos
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