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Population iodine intake from iodized salt (iodine-IS) showed a decline but remained adequate. Despite this, thyroid cancer (TC) incidence increased, suggesting iodine-IS may not be a primary risk factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer (TC) incidence has been rising globally.
  • Understanding the role of iodine intake, particularly from iodized salt (iodine-IS), is crucial for public health.
  • Assessing the correlation between population-level iodine-IS and TC incidence is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between population-based iodine intake from iodized salt (iodine-IS) and thyroid cancer (TC) incidence.
  • To analyze the temporal dynamics of this relationship, considering potential time lags.

Main Methods:

  • TC incidence data were obtained from China's National Central Cancer Registry.
  • Iodine-IS data were sourced from national surveys on iodized salt and iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).
  • A polynomial distributed lag (PDL) model was employed to examine the time lag effect of iodine-IS on TC incidence.

Main Results:

  • Iodine-IS consumption peaked in 1999 and declined by 2018, yet remained adequate at approximately 142.2 μg/person/day.
  • Following the year 2000, a notable annual increase in TC incidence was observed.
  • A significant negative correlation was found between iodine-IS and age-standardized TC incidence (p<0.05), with a significant 6-year time lag effect (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Despite adequate population iodine-IS levels, TC incidence continued to rise.
  • A significant negative correlation between iodine-IS and TC incidence was observed, even after accounting for a 6-year cumulative effect.
  • Iodine-IS is unlikely to be a major risk factor for TC, as universal salt iodization ensures adequate iodine nutrition; rising TC rates might impact public willingness to consume iodized salt.