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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

734
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
734
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

360
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
360
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

353
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
353
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

990
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
990
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

1.1K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
1.1K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

934
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
934

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery
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Total intravenous anaesthesia.

Conor Jones1, Joseph Harris1

  • 1Critical Care Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly used due to pharmacokinetic advances. TIVA offers practical and outcome benefits, making it a preferred alternative to inhalational anesthesia.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Advances in pharmacokinetic understanding have improved drug administration.
  • Continuous infusion techniques are now well-established for anesthetic delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the benefits of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA).
  • To understand why TIVA is becoming a preferred alternative to inhalational agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on TIVA.
  • Analysis of practical and outcome-related advantages of TIVA.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacokinetic knowledge underpins the safe and effective use of TIVA.
  • TIVA demonstrates significant practical and patient outcome benefits.

Conclusions:

  • TIVA is a safe and effective anesthetic technique.
  • The benefits of TIVA support its growing acceptance over inhalational agents.