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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Pelvic Floor Mobility measured by Transperineal Ultrasound Imaging in Women with and without Urgency and Frequency Predominant Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

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Movement Impairments in Women with and without Urinary Urgency/Frequency.

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Hip and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Women with and without Urgency and Frequency Predominant Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

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Riding a Tiger: Maximizing Effects of Manual Therapies for Pelvic Pain.

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The Efficacy of Manual Therapy for Treatment of Dyspareunia in Females: A Systematic Review.

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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
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Pelvic Floor Considerations in COVID-19.

Carina Siracusa1, Amelia Gray1

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, OhioHealth, Columbus, Ohio.

Journal of Women'S Health Physical Therapy
|June 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Long COVID can impair respiratory function, impacting the pelvic floor and leading to bladder and bowel issues. Pelvic floor therapists need to adapt treatments for COVID-19 survivors with these long-term effects.

Keywords:
constipationincontinencepost-intensive care syndrome (PICS)weakness

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Therapy
  • Pulmonology
  • Urology

Background:

  • COVID-19 research primarily focuses on respiratory symptoms.
  • Respiratory dysfunction and hospitalization impact pelvic floor function.
  • Long-term COVID-19 effects on the pelvic floor require clinical attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide context on how long-term COVID-19 affects pelvic floor function.
  • To outline generalized treatment considerations for pelvic floor therapists.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical commentary synthesizing current understanding.
  • Discussion of the interplay between respiratory and pelvic floor function.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 survivors may experience respiratory diaphragm dysfunction.
  • This dysfunction can lead to overactive or underactive pelvic floor issues.
  • Prolonged hospitalization can cause long-term bladder and bowel dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction (incontinence, retention, constipation) is a potential long-term consequence of COVID-19.
  • Therapists must adapt evaluations and treatments for COVID-19 survivors.
  • Pelvic floor physical therapists should be integrated into the rehabilitation team for medically stable patients.