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Large decrease in paediatric hospitalisations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan

Kazuaki Sano1, Masaki Nakamura2, Hideki Ninomiya3,4

  • 1Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

BMJ Paediatrics Open
|June 30, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric hospitalizations in Japan significantly decreased by 38.4% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reductions were observed in communicable diseases and trauma, suggesting the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on child health.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented public health measures globally.
  • Understanding the impact of these measures on non-COVID-19 pediatric healthcare utilization is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate nationwide trends in pediatric hospitalizations in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To assess changes in non-emergency pediatric hospitalizations compared to pre-pandemic periods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized inpatient data from 272 acute-care hospitals in Japan.
  • Analyzed pediatric hospitalizations (ages 1-17) for weeks 9-21 of 2020 (pandemic period) against 2017-2019 (pre-pandemic period).
  • Calculated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • A significant overall decrease in pediatric hospitalizations by 38.4% was observed during the pandemic (aIRR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.69).
  • Reductions were noted in communicable diseases and trauma cases.
  • Hospitalizations for appendicitis did not show a significant reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Nationwide pediatric hospitalizations substantially decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.
  • Non-pharmaceutical interventions may have reduced pediatric admissions for certain conditions like communicable diseases and trauma.
  • Findings underscore the need for flexible pediatric care resource allocation during public health crises.

Keywords:
COVID-19epidemiologyhealth services research

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