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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...

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Pure bending is a fundamental concept in structural mechanics, essential for understanding how materials deform under symmetrical loads without direct forces. Pure bending occurs when prismatic members, such as beams, are subjected to equal and opposite moments that induce bending. The phenomenon is crucial as it allows for predicting stress distributions without the influence of axial or shear forces.
In pure bending, the bending stress in a beam is calculated based on the bending moment and...

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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Published on: December 13, 2024

A Brewing Back Pain

Lauren Pischel¹, Arnar Geirsson¹, John Magaldi¹

¹From the Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases (L.P.), the Division of Cardiac Surgery (A.G.), the Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (R.A.M.), and the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology (A.I.L.), Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health (L.P.), and the Department of Infection Prevention, Yale New Haven Health (R.A.M.), New Haven, and Hartford Hospital, Hartford (J.M.) - all in Connecticut.

The New England Journal of Medicine

|June 30, 2021

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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