Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

15.3K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
15.3K
Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

111.7K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
111.7K
Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

42.2K
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
42.2K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

20.4K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
20.4K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.8K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
19.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A tetrazole-functionalized Cu-MOF for efficient C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> separation.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Ultramicroporous Metal-Organic Frameworks Functionalized With Acyclic Ether Oxygen Bonds for Efficient C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> Separation.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Programmable energy transfer in multivariate porphyrin-based 3D covalent organic frameworks.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Decoupling X-Ray Absorption and Emission: Ionic TADF Scintillators With Heavy-Atom-Functionalized Organic Anions.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A longitudinally-consistent deep framework for joint subcortical segmentation and registration of infant brains.

Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society·2026
Same author

Cu(I)-cluster-based covalent organic frameworks with open metal sites and tuned microporosity for efficient C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> separation.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

13.7K

Substoichiometric 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Hexagonal Linkers.

Liangjun Chen1, Chengtao Gong1, Xiaokang Wang2

  • 1College of Materials Science and Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sub-stoichiometric construction of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) yields novel 2D and 3D materials. These partially connected COFs exhibit enhanced gas adsorption and unique structural properties, opening new avenues in porous materials research.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

3.3K
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

48.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

13.7K
Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

3.3K
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
11:27

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

48.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous materials with significant advancements in structure and applications.
  • Traditional COF design relies on full connectivity of building blocks via reticular chemistry.
  • Exploring alternative construction strategies is crucial for discovering novel COF architectures and functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the sub-stoichiometric construction of 2D and 3D COFs using hexagonal linkers and 4-connected building units.
  • To investigate the impact of partial connectivity on COF properties, including surface area and gas adsorption.
  • To achieve unprecedented structural control, such as non-interpenetrated 3D COFs.

Main Methods:

  • Condensation reactions between hexagonal linkers and 4-connected building units.
  • Sub-stoichiometric synthesis approach to control framework connectivity.
  • Characterization of COF structures, surface areas (BET), and gas adsorption properties (C2H2, CO2, CH4).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of partially connected 2D and 3D COFs.
  • Achieved the highest BET surface area for imine-linked 3D COFs reported to date.
  • Sub-stoichiometric 2D COFs showed enhanced C2H2 and CO2 adsorption and selectivity.
  • Reserved benzaldehydes in 3D COFs controlled interpenetration, leading to a non-interpenetrated pts topology.

Conclusions:

  • Sub-stoichiometric construction offers a new strategy for designing COFs with tailored properties.
  • Residual functional groups in COFs can be leveraged for enhanced applications.
  • This work challenges traditional reticular chemistry concepts and expands the possibilities for COF synthesis and application.