Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Implant-derived titanium particles impair macrophage bacterial clearance via TRPC1 and lysosomal dysfunction.

PNAS nexus·2026

Same author

Biomaterials for resolution of peri-implantitis: Consensus report of Workgroup 2 of the IADR Implantology Research Group Best Evidence Consensus Symposium on Peri-Implant Disease and Its Treatment.

Journal of periodontology·2026

Same author

Ultrasmall oral Saccharibacteria modulate gingival immunoactivation through type IV pili and TLR2-dependent endocytosis.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Paired oral clinical specimens reveal the underlying ecology supporting the emergence of inflammophilic microbiome communities.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

DNA and RNA-based amplicon sequencing of paired supragingival and dentin lesion plaque in children with severe early childhood caries.

International journal of oral science·2026

Same author

Peri-implant disease pathogenesis animal models: Consensus report of Workgroup 1 of the IADR Implantology Research Group Best Evidence Consensus Symposium on Peri-Implant Disease and Its Treatment.

Journal of periodontology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Published on: July 2, 2013

Human variation in gingival inflammation.

Shatha Bamashmous^1,2,3, Georgios A Kotsakis⁴, Kristopher A Kerns^1,2

¹Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|July 1, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gingivitis exhibits varied host responses, including unique inflammatory patterns and bacterial profiles. Understanding these differences in immune and microbial communities can help identify individuals prone to periodontitis.

Keywords:

chemokine gingivitis inflammation oral microbiome periodontitis

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

Three-dimensional Inflammatory Human Tissue Equivalents of Gingiva

Three-dimensional Inflammatory Human Tissue Equivalents of Gingiva

Published on: April 3, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Published on: July 2, 2013

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

Three-dimensional Inflammatory Human Tissue Equivalents of Gingiva

Three-dimensional Inflammatory Human Tissue Equivalents of Gingiva

Published on: April 3, 2018

Area of Science:

Oral microbiology and immunology
Host-microbe interactions
Inflammatory disease mechanisms

Background:

Oral commensal bacteria and gingival tissues maintain homeostasis through neutrophil surveillance and tissue turnover.
Increased bacterial burden in experimental gingivitis is known to elevate gingival inflammation.
Host-bacteria relationship disruption triggers gingival inflammation, but individual responses vary.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize distinct clinical inflammatory phenotypes in experimental gingivitis.
To investigate the role of interleukin-1β and specific bacterial species in different gingivitis responses.
To identify novel host and microbial factors contributing to variations in gingival inflammation.

Main Methods:

Induction of experimental gingivitis in human participants.
Clinical assessment of gingival inflammation.
Quantification of host inflammatory mediators and bacterial composition, including *Streptococcus* spp.

Main Results:

Three unique clinical inflammatory phenotypes (high, low, slow) were observed.
Interleukin-1β was not associated with inflammation in the slow response group, which showed higher *Streptococcus* spp. levels.
Low responders had reduced host mediators despite similar bacterial load as high responders.
Neutrophil and bone activation modulators were down-regulated across all groups, indicating protective responses.

Conclusions:

Experimental gingivitis elicits diverse host responses, influenced by immune profiles and microbial community maturation.
Variations in host response, such as low and slow responders, are linked to specific immune mediator levels and microbial compositions.
Understanding these host variations may aid in identifying individuals susceptible to periodontitis and its destructive inflammation.