Why Train Together When Racing Is Performed Alone? Drafting in Long-Track Speed Skating

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Exercise Physiology
• Biomechanical Analysis

Background:

• Drafting is a common training tactic in long-track speed skating, but its physiological and psychological effects are under-researched.
• Limited data exists on the impact of drafting versus skating alone or leading on skater intensity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the influence of drafting, leading, and skating alone on physical intensity (heart rate, blood lactate) and perceived exertion in speed skaters.
• To quantify the differences in physiological and psychological responses across these three skating conditions.

Main Methods:

• Twenty-two national-level long-track speed skaters completed 5 laps under three conditions: skating alone, leading, and drafting, all at similar external intensities.
• Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion.

Main Results:

• Drafting significantly lowered heart rate and blood lactate levels compared to both leading and skating alone (P < .001).
• Perceived exertion was significantly lower when drafting or leading compared to skating alone (P < .01).
• Skating alone was perceived as more demanding than leading, while leading and drafting felt similar in exertion.

Conclusions:

• Drafting reduces both physical and perceived intensity in speed skating when external intensity is constant.
• The psychological perception of effort is lower when drafting or leading compared to skating solo.
• These findings provide valuable insights for coaches to optimize training protocols by leveraging the benefits of drafting.