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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Isolating Biomolecules from Mouse Tears — A Methodology for Molecular Analysis and Biomarker Research
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Changes in Tear Osmolarity after Cataract Surgery.

Tsutomu Igarashi1, Hisatomo Takahashi2, Maika Kobayashi1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School.

Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi
|July 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cataract surgery can temporarily worsen dry eye symptoms, affecting tear osmolarity and ocular surface health. Patients may experience discomfort due to these changes, particularly increased tear osmolarity, which may persist post-surgery.

Keywords:
cataract surgerydry eyephacoemulsificationtear osmolarity

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Ocular Surface Disease
  • Cataract Surgery

Background:

  • Cataract surgery, specifically phacoemulsification with small incisions, can impact the ocular surface.
  • Understanding post-operative changes in tear dynamics and ocular surface health is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate alterations in the ocular surface and tear osmolarity before and after phacoemulsification.
  • To assess the impact of cataract surgery on tear film stability and ocular surface integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 39 patients (55 eyes) undergoing cataract surgery.
  • Assessed tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, vital staining (fluorescein and lissamine green), tear osmolarity (Tosm), and corneal sensitivity preoperatively and at 1 and 4 weeks post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Tear break-up time (BUT) and fluorescein staining score (FSS) decreased and increased, respectively, at 1 week, recovering by 4 weeks.
  • Tear osmolarity (Tosm) significantly increased at 1 week and remained elevated at 4 weeks post-surgery.
  • Corneal sensitivity decreased at 1 week, with recovery by 4 weeks; Schirmer test and lissamine green scores showed no significant changes.

Conclusions:

  • Cataract surgery leads to temporary dry eye-related changes, including increased tear osmolarity.
  • Elevated tear osmolarity post-surgery shows a tendency for long-term changes compared to other parameters.
  • Ocular surface changes like reduced BUT and increased FSS, alongside elevated Tosm, can cause post-cataract surgery discomfort, necessitating attention to patient symptoms.