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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications
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Cellular fluidics.

Nikola A Dudukovic1, Erika J Fong1, Hawi B Gemeda1

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.

Nature
|July 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular fluidics utilizes 3D printed, unit-cell-based structures for precise control over multiphase flow, transport, and reactions. This innovative platform enables programmed fluidic behavior for applications like gas-liquid transport and selective material deposition.

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Area of Science:

  • Multiphase flow and reaction engineering
  • Bio-inspired and biomimetic systems
  • Advanced materials and fabrication

Background:

  • Natural systems exhibit optimized multiphase transport across various scales.
  • Existing microfluidic devices are limited in engineering complex multiphase processes.
  • Replicating biological systems for fluidic control remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce cellular fluidics as a novel platform for deterministic multiphase flow control.
  • Demonstrate the programmability of fluidic transport through architected cellular design.
  • Explore applications in gas-liquid transport, evaporative cooling, and CO2 capture.

Main Methods:

  • Development of 3D printed, unit-cell-based structures for fluidic control.
  • Architected design of cell type, size, and density to program flow behavior.
  • Experimental demonstration of gas-liquid transport, capillary-driven flow, and active pumping.
  • Selective metallization for pattern generation within cellular fluidic devices.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated programmable gas-liquid transport, including transpiration and absorption.
  • Showcased preferential liquid and gas pathways in 3D cellular fluidic devices.
  • Achieved selective metallization on pre-programmed patterns.
  • Validated deterministic control of fluidic transport through design and predictive modeling.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular fluidics offers precise, programmable control over multiphase transport and reactions in 3D.
  • Architected cellular materials combined with predictive modeling are key to deterministic fluidic control.
  • This platform has the potential to revolutionize spatial and temporal control in multiphase processes.