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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Natural Products with Inhibitory Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.

Maria S Serna-Arbeláez1,2, Laura Florez-Sampedro3, Lina P Orozco3

  • 1Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.

Advances in Virology
|July 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Natural products offer promising alternatives for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment. Research explores these compounds for developing cost-effective therapies with fewer side effects to combat the HIV pandemic.

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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a global health concern.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective but faces challenges like drug resistance and nonadherence.
  • Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to complement or provide alternatives to current ART.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review natural compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity.
  • To highlight their potential for developing new HIV treatment strategies.
  • To explore natural products as a source for alternative or complementary therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on natural products and HIV-1.
  • Analysis of compounds inhibiting HIV-1 replication, reverse transcription, or maturation.
  • Identification of natural product derivatives with demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity.

Main Results:

  • Several natural products and their derivatives show significant anti-HIV-1 activity.
  • Examples include zidovudine (from marine sponge), bevirimat, and calanolide A.
  • These compounds target key viral processes like reverse transcription and maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Natural products represent a valuable resource for discovering new anti-HIV-1 agents.
  • Further research can lead to the development of cost-effective and safer HIV therapies.
  • These findings support the continued exploration of natural compounds to combat the HIV pandemic.