Spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding secondary to celiac artery compression syndrome

Area of Science:

• Vascular Surgery
• Gastroenterology
• Interventional Radiology

Background:

• Celiac artery compression syndrome (CACS) is a rare condition often presenting with vague abdominal symptoms.
• Ruptured visceral aneurysms and dissections are life-threatening emergencies with high mortality rates.
• The association between CACS and these specific vascular emergencies is not widely recognized.

Observation:

• Patients presenting with ruptured visceral aneurysms or dissections should be evaluated for underlying CACS.
• Unexplained chronic abdominal symptoms may be an indicator of CACS.
• Diagnostic imaging is crucial for identifying CACS in patients with visceral vascular emergencies.

Findings:

• Endovascular embolization using metallic coils is the primary and effective treatment for CACS-related ruptured visceral aneurysms and dissections.
• This minimally invasive approach can successfully manage these vascular complications.
• Surgical intervention may be avoided in select cases, reducing patient morbidity.

Implications:

• Considering CACS in the differential diagnosis of ruptured visceral aneurysms and dissections can lead to timely and appropriate treatment.
• Endovascular embolization offers a less invasive alternative to surgery, improving patient outcomes.
• Increased awareness of this association can enhance the management of rare but critical vascular events.