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Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Disease.

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Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition involves cell changes impacting tissue repair and disease. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a key role in this process, particularly in cardiovascular diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process where endothelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics.
  • This transition involves junction loosening, basement membrane degradation, and cell migration.
  • Partial EndMT shares behaviors with cells in inflammatory and angiogenic states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) on the EndMT continuum.
  • To explore the relevance of TGF-β-mediated EndMT in cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EndMT.
  • Analysis of cellular behaviors and gene expression during EndMT.
  • Focus on the role of TGF-β signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • EndMT progresses from partial phenotypic modulation to complete transition with mesenchymal dominance.
  • In regenerative contexts, EndMT aids tissue repair; in pathology, it causes fibrosis and stiffness.
  • TGF-β is a critical regulator influencing EndMT's spectrum from junctional loosening to migration.

Conclusions:

  • TGF-β significantly impacts the EndMT process, influencing its role in both tissue regeneration and maladaptive fibrotic conditions.
  • Understanding TGF-β's role in EndMT is crucial for addressing cardiovascular diseases characterized by fibrosis and altered tissue integrity.