[Hikikomori: the silent suffering among young people]

The Japanese term hikikomori is used to describe young people who lives a condition characterized by social withdrawal and isolation for an extended period of time. It is a particularly widespread phenomenon in Japan, in particular among adolescents and adults, and it represented the focus of an increasing attention from mental health professionals in many other countries, including Italy. The aim of this paper review is to explore the concept of hikikomori within Japanese sociocultural context, epidemiological aspects, risk factors clinical characteristics. Moreover, some theoretical models are discussed which allow possible interpretations of this condition which characterizes young people who convey their suffering more and more silently. A detailed review of the phenomenon is given considering the lack of a clear definition of the hikikomori that doesn't allow to plan preventive interventions.