Anomalous Coronary Arteries: When to Follow-up, Risk Stratify, and Plan Intervention

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Medical Imaging
• Clinical Medicine

Background:

• Coronary artery anomalies present a spectrum from benign variations to critical conditions.
• Current classification, risk stratification, and management lack universal consensus.
• An individualized approach is essential for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a straightforward clinical approach for assessing and managing patients with anomalous coronary arteries.
• To synthesize recent findings to inform clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent autopsy series and population screening studies.
• Analysis of data from coronary computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and invasive angiography.
• Integration of physiological data, including fractional flow reserve and intravascular ultrasound.

Main Results:

• Recent studies provide valuable data on prevalence and outcomes of coronary anomalies.
• High-risk features associated with specific anomalies have been identified.
• An individualized management strategy is supported by clinical, physiological, and anatomical data.

Conclusions:

• A unified clinical approach is needed for anomalous coronary arteries.
• Personalized management based on comprehensive patient data is crucial.
• Further high-quality research is vital for advancing the field.