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Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
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Isotropic topological second-order spatial differentiator operating in transmission mode.

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    Researchers developed a novel topological differentiator for robust image processing. This transmission-mode device operates isotropically at normal incidence, enabling compact optical computing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Metamaterials
    • Optical Computing

    Background:

    • Differentiation is crucial for image processing, especially edge detection.
    • Nanophotonic structures and metamaterials offer advanced differentiation capabilities.
    • Previous topological differentiators operated in reflection mode, limiting integration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design a topological differentiator operating in transmission mode at normal incidence.
    • To achieve isotropic operation for easier integration into compact systems.
    • To explore symmetry-protected topological charges for enhanced functionality.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a novel nanophotonic/metamaterial structure.
    • Analysis of the device's optical transfer function.
    • Demonstration of second-order differentiation with a topological charge.

    Main Results:

    • The designed differentiator operates isotropically in transmission mode at normal incidence.
    • The device exhibits an optical transfer function with a symmetry-protected topological charge of ±2.
    • The differentiator successfully performs second-order differentiation.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed topological differentiator overcomes limitations of previous designs.
    • The device is suitable for integration into compact imaging and optical computing systems.
    • Topological concepts show significant potential for advancing optical computing applications.