HIV in pregnancy: Mother-to-child transmission, pharmacotherapy, and toxicity
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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
Published on: April 9, 2014
Lukas Cerveny1, Padma Murthi2, Frantisek Staud1
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
An estimated 1.3 million pregnant women were living with HIV in 2018. HIV infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and all HIV-positive pregnant women, regardless of their clinical stage, should receive a combination of antiretroviral drugs to suppress maternal viral load and prevent vertical fetal infection. Although antiretroviral treatment in pregnant women has undoubtedly minimized mother-to-child transmission of HIV, several uncertainties remain. For example, while pregnancy is accompanied by changes in pharmacokinetic parameters, relevant data from clinical studies are lacking. Similarly, long-term adverse effects of exposure to antiretrovirals on fetuses have not been studied in detail. Here, we review current knowledge on HIV effects on the placenta and developing fetus, recommended antiretroviral regimens, and pharmacokinetic considerations with particular focus on placental transport. We also discuss recent advances in antiretroviral research and potential effects of antiretroviral treatment on placental/fetal development and programming.
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