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Aluminium-Based Plasmonic Sensors in Ultraviolet.

Karol Karpiński1, Sylwia Zielińska-Raczyńska1, David Ziemkiewicz1

  • 1Institute of Mathematics and Physics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Aleje Prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.

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This study explores ultraviolet (UV) surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on aluminum films for refractive index sensing. Optimized structures achieve high performance, enabling precise detection of refractive index changes.

Keywords:
nanostructuresurface plasmonsultraviolet

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves propagating at the interface of a metal and a dielectric.
  • SPPs are highly sensitive to changes in the dielectric's refractive index, making them suitable for sensing applications.
  • Ultraviolet (UV) plasmonics offers potential for miniaturized and high-resolution sensing devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the generation and properties of SPPs on an aluminum (Al) film coated with an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer.
  • To evaluate the potential of this system as a refractive index sensor operating in the UV wavelength range.
  • To analyze the influence of geometric parameters and surface roughness on sensor performance.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation using calculations of reflection spectra.
  • Modeling of SPP resonance excitation by ultraviolet light.
  • Analysis of the impact of metal and oxide layer thicknesses on resonance characteristics.
  • Simulation of sensor performance metrics like quality factor and figure of merit.

Main Results:

  • SPP resonance was observed in the UV range (150-300 nm), tunable by layer thicknesses.
  • An optimized geometry achieved a quality factor of up to 10 and a figure of merit of 9.
  • The sensor demonstrated the capability to detect a 1% change in refractive index.
  • Performance was found comparable to more complex UV plasmonic nanostructures.
  • Sensitivity to incidence angle, wavelength, and amplitude changes was confirmed, including the effect of oxide surface roughness.

Conclusions:

  • The Al/Al2O3 system is a promising platform for UV refractive index sensing.
  • Optimized designs offer high sensitivity and performance comparable to advanced nanostructures.
  • The sensor's tunability and robustness to surface roughness highlight its practical potential.