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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • College students exhibit high rates of smartphone and internet usage, raising concerns about problematic use.
  • Household dysfunction (HHD), a subset of adverse childhood experiences, is linked to behavioral disorders.
  • Limited research explores the connection between HHD, problematic smartphone use (PSU), problematic internet use (PIU), and protective factors like social support in students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between household dysfunction (HHD) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic internet use (PIU) among college students.
  • To examine the moderating role of extrafamilial social support in the relationship between HHD and PSU/PIU.

Main Methods:

  • A diverse sample of 1027 California college students completed validated scales for smartphone and internet addiction.
  • Regression models assessed the link between HHD levels (none, 1-3, ≥4) and PSU/PIU.
  • Analyses adjusted for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, COVID-19 related employment loss, and depression, while testing the role of social support.

Main Results:

  • Students with ≥4 HHD had double the odds of meeting criteria for PSU compared to those with no HHD.
  • Students with 1-3 HHD and ≥4 HHD showed significantly higher odds of moderate to severe PIU.
  • Extrafamilial social support was inversely related to PIU and moderated the HHD-PSU link for students with 1-3 HHD.

Conclusions:

  • Exposure to household dysfunction increases vulnerability to behavioral addictions like PSU and PIU in college students.
  • Extrafamilial social support can buffer the adverse impact of HHD on PSU, particularly in the moderate-risk group.
  • Findings highlight potential targets for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at supporting at-risk students.