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Proofing Direct-Seeded Rice with Better Root Plasticity and Architecture.

Siddharth Panda1,2, Prasanta Kumar Majhi3, Annamalai Anandan1

  • 1Crop Improvement Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Developing direct-seeded rice (DSR) with improved root system architecture (RSA) is key for enhancing crop yield and resource efficiency. This review highlights essential root traits and genetic factors for stress adaptation in DSR.

Keywords:
direct-seeded ricegenesquantitative trait lociroot plasticityroot system architecture

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The genetic variation within rice root systems remains largely unexploited.
  • Efficient root system architecture (RSA) is crucial for resource-use efficiency and grain yield, particularly in direct-seeded rice (DSR) under aerobic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on DSR root systems.
  • To identify key root traits and genetic factors for improving DSR cultivation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research on direct-seeded rice root systems.
  • Analysis of root traits (architecture, length, density, etc.) and their role in nutrient/moisture uptake.
  • Identification of candidate genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with root development and stress tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Specific root traits like architecture, length, density, thickness, diameter, and angle are vital for nutrient and moisture uptake.
  • Root system architecture is critical for adapting to various stresses including moisture deficit/excess, nutrient imbalance, and temperature extremes.
  • Candidate genes (e.g., PSTOL1, qSOR1, DRO1) and transporters have been identified for enhancing root growth and stress response.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing root traits through genetic improvement can lead to enhanced resource-use efficiency and grain yield in DSR.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of RSA is essential for developing climate-resilient DSR cultivars.
  • Further research into QTLs and transporters will aid in designing ideal root architectures for DSR.