Infective Endocarditis: A Focus on Oral Microbiota.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Microbiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe heart condition with high morbidity and mortality, despite advancements in treatment.
• Oral microbiota has been recognized as a significant risk factor for IE for over 50 years.
• Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern, emphasizing the need for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota, dental procedures, and IE.
• To discuss existing IE prevention methods originating from oral pathogens.
• To highlight the importance of oral hygiene in preventing IE.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on oral microbiota and infective endocarditis.
• Analysis of current guidelines for IE prevention related to dental procedures.
• Discussion of the role of oral hygiene in preventing bacteremia.

Main Results:

• Oral bacteria are a significant source of pathogens causing IE.
• Current guidelines recommend good oral hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for high-risk patients undergoing dental procedures.
• Improving oral hygiene is a key strategy to prevent IE and associated systemic disorders.

Conclusions:

• Oral microbiota plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of IE.
• Enhanced oral hygiene practices are essential for primary prevention of IE.
• Further research into the oral microbiome's role in IE is warranted to combat antimicrobial resistance.