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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

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Published on: August 12, 2019
High-Level Gene Flow Restricts Genetic Differentiation in Dairy Cattle Populations in Thailand: Insights from
Nattakan Ariyaraphong1,2,3, Nararat Laopichienpong1,2,3, Worapong Singchat1,2,3
1Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Center (AGB Research Center), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Abstract:
Domestication and artificial selection lead to the development of genetically divergent cattle breeds or hybrids that exhibit specific patterns of genetic diversity and population structure. Recently developed mitochondrial markers have allowed investigation of cattle diversity worldwide; however, an extensive study on the population-level genetic diversity and demography of dairy cattle in Thailand is still needed. Mitochondrial D-loop sequences were obtained from 179 individuals (hybrids of Bos taurus and B. indicus) sampled from nine different provinces. Fifty-one haplotypes, of which most were classified in haplogroup "I", were found across all nine populations. All sampled populations showed severely reduced degrees of genetic differentiation, and low nucleotide diversity was observed in populations from central Thailand. Populations that originated from adjacent geographical areas tended to show high gene flow, as revealed by patterns of weak network structuring. Mismatch distribution analysis was suggestive of a stable population, with the recent occurrence of a slight expansion event. The results provide insights into the origins and the genetic relationships among local Thai cattle breeds and will be useful for guiding management of cattle breeding in Thailand.
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