Progress on Self-Powered Wearable and Implantable Systems Driven by Nanogenerators.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering
• Energy Harvesting

Background:

• The Internet of Things (IoT) drives demand for sustainable self-powered systems.
• Nanogenerators are key for converting mechanical energy into electricity.
• Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer sensitivity, flexibility, and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review materials and structures of wearable and implantable PENGs and TENGs.
• To guide the tailoring of self-power systems for specific applications.
• To elucidate recent advances and future outlook in human body self-powered systems.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive analysis of existing literature on PENGs and TENGs.
• Focus on materials and structural design for wearable and implantable devices.
• Evaluation of applications in human-oriented systems.

Main Results:

• PENGs and TENGs are critical for self-powered systems.
• Tailoring materials and structures enables specific applications.
• Successful implementation in self-charging power, monitoring, healing, and stimulation.

Conclusions:

• PENGs and TENGs are pivotal for advanced wearable and implantable devices.
• Further research can optimize these nanogenerators for diverse biomedical applications.
• The future outlook is promising for self-powered systems integrated with the human body.