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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization01:21

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Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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The Right Ventricle in COVID-19.

Jean Bonnemain1, Zied Ltaief1, Lucas Liaudet1,2

  • 1Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) infection causes COVID-19, often leading to right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Understanding RV dysfunction mechanisms is key for managing this common cardiac complication in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
ARDSCOVID-19pulmonary circulationright ventricle

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) infection causes COVID-19, a disease with significant respiratory and cardiac manifestations.
  • Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a common and serious cardiac complication in COVID-19 patients, particularly those with severe disease.
  • RV dysfunction in COVID-19 is linked to a poor prognosis and affects up to 40% of patients, with higher prevalence detected by strain imaging echocardiography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of right ventricular dysfunction in COVID-19.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying RV dysfunction in COVID-19.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies for managing RV dysfunction in the context of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and evidence on RV dysfunction in COVID-19.
  • Analysis of echocardiographic and strain imaging echocardiography findings.
  • Synthesis of pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 frequently leads to RV dysfunction through mechanisms that increase pulmonary vascular load and decrease RV contractility.
  • RV dysfunction is associated with increased pulmonary vascular hydraulic load and reduced RV contractility, causing acute uncoupling.
  • Echocardiography reveals RV dysfunction in up to 40% of COVID-19 patients, a figure higher with strain imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of RV dysfunction in COVID-19 is crucial for effective therapeutic management.
  • Therapeutic strategies include protective ventilation, managing pulmonary vasoconstriction and thrombosis, and optimizing RV preload and contractility.
  • This review offers an updated perspective on RV dysfunction in COVID-19, covering its mechanisms and treatment.