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Updated: Oct 30, 2025

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
Published on: July 23, 2010
Regulation of the Human Papillomavirus Lifecyle through Post-Translational Modifications of the Viral E2 Protein
Leny Jose1, Timra Gilson1, Elliot J Androphy1,2
1Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Abstract:
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA tumor virus that infects cutaneous and mucosal epithelia where high-risk (HR) HPV infections lead to cervical, oropharyngeal, and anogenital cancers. Worldwide, nearly 5% of all cancers are caused by HR HPV. The viral E2 protein is essential for episomal replication throughout the viral lifecycle. The E2 protein is regulated by phosphorylation, acetylation, sumoylation, and ubiquitination. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent advancements made to identify post translational modifications within E2 and their ability to control viral replication.
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