Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Several High-Performance Single Fibers

High-performance fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are widely used in bulletproof structures, in which the mechanical properties of the single fibers play a crucial role in ballistic resistance. In this paper, the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of three commonly used fibers, single aramid III, polyimide (PI), and poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) fibers are measured by a small-scale tensile testing machine and mini-split Hopkinson tension bar (mini-SHTB), respectively. The results show that the PBO fiber is superior to the other two fibers in terms of strength and elongation. Both the PBO and aramid III fibers exhibit an obvious strain-rate strengthening effect, while the tensile strength of the PI fiber increases initially, then decreases with the increase in strain rate. In addition, the PBO and aramid III fibers show ductile-to-brittle transition with increasing strain rate, and the PI fiber possesses plasticity in the employed strain rate range. Under a high strain rate, a noticeable radial splitting and fibrillation is observed for the PBO fiber, which can explain the strain-rate strengthening effect. Moreover, the large dispersion of the strength at the same strain rate is observed for all the single fibers, and it increases with increasing strain rate, which can be ascribed to the defects in the fibers. Considering the effect of strain rate, only the PBO fiber follows the Weibull distribution, suggesting that the hypothesis of Weibull distribution for single fibers needs to be revisited.