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Novel Biomarkers in Heart Failure: New Insight in Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspective
Luigi Marzio Biasucci1,2, Alessandro Maino1, Maria Chiara Grimaldi1,2
1Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Insights
Novel biomarkers beyond brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) show promise for understanding and personalizing heart failure (HF) care. Research explores inflammation markers and noncoding RNAs for improved HF diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Research
- Genomics
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) presents a significant global health challenge due to high costs, morbidity, and mortality.
- Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is the current standard for HF management, but novel biomarkers are needed.
- Understanding HF pathophysiology is crucial for developing personalized treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review promising novel biomarkers for heart failure (HF).
- To explore the role of inflammation and noncoding RNAs in HF.
- To discuss the potential of precision medicine in HF biomarker discovery.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on HF biomarkers.
- Analysis of candidate molecules involved in HF pathogenesis, including inflammatory markers and noncoding RNAs.
- Examination of emerging 'omics' technologies for biomarker identification.
Main Results:
- Inflammation is a key factor in HF development and progression.
- Noncoding RNAs represent a promising class of biomarkers for HF.
- Novel biomarkers offer potential for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring in HF.
Conclusions:
- Future HF care will likely involve precision medicine approaches with expanded biomarker panels.
- 'Omics' technologies are essential for advancing HF biomarker discovery.
- Personalized medicine strategies utilizing novel biomarkers can enhance HF patient outcomes.
Abstract:
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with a huge social burden in terms of cost, morbidity, and mortality. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) appears to be the gold standard in supporting the daily clinical management of patients with HF. Novel biomarkers may supplement BNP to improve the understanding of this complex disease process and, possibly, to personalize care for the different phenotypes, in order to ameliorate prognosis. In this review, we will examine some of the most promising novel biomarkers in HF. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and progression of HF and, therefore, several candidate molecules have been investigated in recent years for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. Noncoding RNAs are attractive as biomarkers and their potential clinical applications may be feasible in the era of personalized medicine. Given the complex pathophysiology of HF, it is reasonable to expect that the future of biomarkers lies in the application of precision medicine, through wider testing panels and "omics" technologies, to further improve HF care delivery.
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