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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Aptamer Applications in Emerging Viral Diseases.

Arne Krüger1, Ana Paula de Jesus Santos2, Vanessa de Sá2

  • 1Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000-SP, Brazil.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Aptamers, which are DNA or RNA molecules, show promise for diagnosing and treating viral diseases. Recent advancements focus on aptamers targeting coronaviruses for improved diagnostics and potential therapies.

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SARS-CoV-2SELEXaptamersaptasensoraptazymeviral infections

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules selected via SELEX for high-affinity binding.
  • They offer advantages over antibodies, including non-proteic nature, stability, and ease of modification.
  • These properties make aptamers suitable for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in aptamer development for emerging viral diseases.
  • To highlight findings on aptamers targeting coronaviruses.
  • To discuss aptamer applications in diagnostics and potential in vivo therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature on aptamer development.
  • Focus on SELEX methodology for aptamer selection against viral targets.
  • Analysis of aptamer modifications for enhanced stability and tissue penetration.

Main Results:

  • Aptamers have been developed to bind various viral targets, including coronaviruses.
  • Aptamer-based biosensors show potential for viral disease diagnosis.
  • Modified aptamers demonstrate improved stability and tissue penetration for in vivo applications.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamers are valuable tools for the diagnosis and potential treatment of viral diseases.
  • Further research into aptamer modifications and in vivo applications is warranted.
  • Aptamers hold significant promise for future therapeutic strategies against viral infections.