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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.4K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.4K
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.5K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.5K
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
765
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

8.0K
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
8.0K
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

842
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
842
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

849
Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
849

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management
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Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

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High Precision Human Skin Temperature Fluctuations Measuring Instrument.

Nikolai B Suvorov1, Alexander V Belov1, Konstantin G Kuliabin1

  • 1Department of Ecological Physiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute of Experimental Medicine", 12 Acad. Pavlov Str., 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel instrument for measuring rapid human skin temperature fluctuations with high precision. The device achieves a 0.01 °C resolution, enabling deeper research into micro- and macro-blood circulation dynamics.

Keywords:
electronic circuitryfluctuationsmeasuring instrumentpulse waveskin temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Instrumentation
  • Physiological Monitoring

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of rapid skin temperature fluctuations is crucial for understanding physiological processes.
  • Existing instruments may lack the precision or speed required for detailed analysis of microcirculatory changes.
  • Human skin temperature is a sensitive indicator of underlying blood flow dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a prototype instrument for high-precision, rapid measurement of human skin temperature fluctuations.
  • To design an original circuit solution for a miniature semiconductor diode sensor capable of detecting subtle temperature changes.
  • To establish a foundation for in-depth studies on the relationship between blood circulation and skin temperature oscillations.

Main Methods:

  • Design of an original circuit using a miniature semiconductor diode sensor with automatic operating point control.
  • Utilized Microcap 12 software for circuit simulation and laboratory testing of the prototype.
  • Developed an experimental setup for simultaneous registration of skin temperature, electrocardiogram, and pulse wave signals.

Main Results:

  • The prototype instrument demonstrated a temperature resolution of 0.01 °C.
  • The transducer exhibited a thermal time constant of 0.05 s, indicating rapid response.
  • The designed circuitry achieved a high conversion coefficient slope of up to 2300 mV/°C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed instrument effectively measures rapid temperature oscillations on human skin with high precision.
  • The findings support the potential of this instrument for advanced research into micro- and macro-blood circulation.
  • The prototype provides a valuable tool for investigating the physiological significance of skin temperature variations.