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Amyloid Fibrils03:03

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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
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Rapid Generation of Amyloid from Native Proteins In vitro
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Bacterial Extracellular DNA Promotes β-Amyloid Aggregation.

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  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY 10128, USA.

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Bacterial extracellular DNA can trigger amyloid-beta (Aβ) misfolding and aggregation, a key process in Alzheimer's disease. This finding reveals a new mechanism linking bacteria to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease involves amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation.
  • Microorganisms and virulence factors are linked to Alzheimer's, but mechanisms are unclear.
  • Bacterial extracellular DNA was previously found to trigger Tau misfolding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of extracellular DNA from various sources in triggering Aβ aggregation in vitro.
  • To determine if bacterial DNA can induce Aβ misfolding and aggregation.

Main Methods:

  • DNA was extracted from different bacterial and eukaryotic cells.
  • In vitro assays were used to assess the effect of DNA on Aβ aggregation.
  • Concentration and bacterial strain effects were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular DNA from some, but not all, bacteria effectively triggered Aβ aggregation.
  • The rate of Aβ nucleation and elongation varied with bacterial DNA concentration and strain.
  • Eukaryotic DNA did not show significant Aβ aggregation triggering.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial extracellular DNA may play a significant role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
  • This suggests a mechanism for remote bacterial contribution to protein misfolding diseases.
  • Bacterial DNA presents a potential novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.