Efficient Generation of Microdroplets Using Tail Breakup Induced with Multi-Branch Channels

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Chemistry
• Microfluidics

Background:

• Stable generation of single-micrometer-scale microdroplets remains a challenge in biotechnology and chemistry.
• Existing methods struggle with consistent production of precise microdroplet sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an efficient and stable device for generating single-micrometer-scale microdroplets.
• To enable reliable encapsulation of cell mimics and chemical products within these microdroplets.

Main Methods:

• Developed a microdroplet generation device utilizing "tail thread mode" based on droplet tail fragmentation.
• Employed a T-junction for droplet generation and multi-branch channels for droplet deformation and splitting.
• Fabricated the device using soft lithography with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold.

Main Results:

• Successfully produced continuous 1-2 µm droplets through tail fragmentation induced by branch channels.
• Achieved optimal flow rate conditions reduced to one-tenth compared to conventional tip-streaming methods.
• Under optimal conditions, 61.1% of generated droplets were smaller than 2 μm.

Conclusions:

• The developed device offers an efficient and stable method for generating single-micrometer-scale microdroplets.
• The "tail thread mode" provides a significant improvement in flow rate efficiency.
• This technology has potential applications in encapsulating microbeads and chemical products for various fields.