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Nutrition and Kidney Stone Disease
1University Stone Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Nutrients
|July 2, 2021
Summary
Kidney stone disease is rising globally. Dietary changes, especially fluid intake and specific nutrients, are crucial for preventing recurrent kidney stones and managing the condition effectively.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Nutritional Science
- Urology
Background:
- Kidney stone disease prevalence is increasing worldwide, with high recurrence rates.
- Nephrolithiasis is linked to a greater risk of chronic and end-stage kidney disease.
- Diet composition significantly influences urinary stone formation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of nutrition's role in kidney stone disease.
- To update knowledge on dietary factors influencing urolithiasis.
- To highlight the importance of nutritional assessment in kidney stone management.
Main Methods:
- This is a narrative review.
- Literature search on nutrition and kidney stone disease.
- Synthesis of current evidence on dietary risk factors and prevention.
Main Results:
- Inadequate fluid intake is a major dietary risk factor for kidney stones (urolithiasis).
- The impact of various beverages on stone formation is debated.
- Dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium, and sodium chloride also modulate urinary risk.
Conclusions:
- Nutritional assessment is essential for tailored dietary therapy in kidney stone patients.
- Appropriate dietary interventions can prevent recurrent stones.
- Dietary management can reduce the need for surgical procedures in urinary stone disease.
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