Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

3.1K
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
3.1K
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

8.1K
Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
8.1K
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

4.2K
Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
4.2K
Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

181
Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
181
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

339
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
339
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

548
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
548

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fermented spent coffee grounds affect cadmium toxicity and accumulation in <i>Lolium perenne</i>: implications for phytoremediation.

International journal of phytoremediation·2026
Same author

Prevalence and Prognostic Role of Nutrition Impact Symptoms in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

In vivo (Athens, Greece)·2026
Same author

Layerwise stratification and band reordering in twisted multilayer MoTe<sub>2</sub>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

[Effects of light quality on growth and photosynthesis of broccoli at different reproductive periods].

Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology·2026
Same author

The MYC2-EBF1-JAZ2 module bridges jasmonate and ethylene signals in apple.

Journal of integrative plant biology·2026
Same author

Orbital Magnetization of Correlated States in Twisted Bilayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Physical review letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 30, 2025

OLIgo Mass Profiling OLIMP of Extracellular Polysaccharides
08:43

OLIgo Mass Profiling OLIMP of Extracellular Polysaccharides

Published on: June 20, 2010

13.9K

Microbial Oligosaccharides with Biomedical Applications.

Jian-Lin Xu1,2,3, Zhi-Feng Liu1,2, Xiao-Wei Zhang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.

Marine Drugs
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Microbial oligosaccharides show potent bioactivities, including antimicrobial and anti-diabetic effects. This review details the structures, activities, and origins of acarviosine-containing oligosaccharides, saccharomicins, and orthosomycins.

Keywords:
aminooligosaccharidebiomedical applicationsbiosynthesischemical structuremicrobial oligosaccharideorthosomycinsaccharomicin

More Related Videos

Analysis of Fucosylated Human Milk Trisaccharides in Biotechnological Context Using Genetically Encoded Biosensors
10:17

Analysis of Fucosylated Human Milk Trisaccharides in Biotechnological Context Using Genetically Encoded Biosensors

Published on: April 13, 2019

6.6K
Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
09:56

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Published on: September 6, 2019

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 30, 2025

OLIgo Mass Profiling OLIMP of Extracellular Polysaccharides
08:43

OLIgo Mass Profiling OLIMP of Extracellular Polysaccharides

Published on: June 20, 2010

13.9K
Analysis of Fucosylated Human Milk Trisaccharides in Biotechnological Context Using Genetically Encoded Biosensors
10:17

Analysis of Fucosylated Human Milk Trisaccharides in Biotechnological Context Using Genetically Encoded Biosensors

Published on: April 13, 2019

6.6K
Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis
09:56

Hierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Published on: September 6, 2019

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

  • Microbial oligosaccharides possess significant bioactivities, including antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition properties.
  • These compounds are recognized for therapeutic potential in treating bacterial infections and type II diabetes mellitus.
  • A growing interest in naturally occurring oligosaccharides necessitates a comprehensive review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemical structures, biological activities, and biosynthetic origins of specific microbial oligosaccharide subgroups.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on acarviosine-containing oligosaccharides, saccharomicins, and orthosomycins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Analysis of chemical structures and reported biological activities.
  • Investigation of diverse biosynthetic pathways.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of acarviosine-containing oligosaccharides, saccharomicins, and orthosomycins.
  • Summary of their potent and selective bioactivities (e.g., antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition).
  • Exploration of their varied origins in microbial biosynthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial oligosaccharides represent a valuable class of natural products with diverse therapeutic applications.
  • Understanding their structures, activities, and origins is crucial for future drug development.
  • This review provides a foundational resource for researchers in the field.