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Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry.

Maurizio Marrale1,2, Francesco d'Errico3,4,5

  • 1Department of Physics and Chemistry, "Emilio Segrè" ATeN Center, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Radiation-sensitive gels offer advanced 3D dosimetry for radiation therapy (RT), overcoming limitations of ionization chambers. These tissue-equivalent gels provide continuous dose measurements, enhancing treatment quality and patient safety.

Keywords:
ferrous sulfateglutaraldehydemagnetic resonance imagingoptical tomographypoly-vinyl alcoholpolyacrylamide gelspectrophotometrythree-dimensional dosimetryxylenol-orange

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Sciences
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Radiation therapy (RT) dosimetry is crucial for treatment quality and patient safety.
  • Current dosimetry methods, like ionization chambers, struggle with steep dose gradients from advanced RT techniques.
  • Radiation-sensitive gels represent a promising advancement for precise 3D dose measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review radiation-sensitive gels for RT dosimetry.
  • To discuss the chemical and physical properties of Fricke and polyacrylamide gels.
  • To highlight their applications in radiation dosimetry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Fricke gels (ferrous sulfate oxidation).
  • Review of polyacrylamide gels (radiation-induced polymerization).
  • Discussion of imaging techniques: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and optical tomography.

Main Results:

  • Radiation-sensitive gels are tissue-equivalent and act as phantoms.
  • Gel response is largely independent of radiation quality and dose rate.
  • Irradiation induces measurable changes (proton relaxation rates, color, opacification) proportional to absorbed dose.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation-sensitive gels provide continuous 3D dose measurements, surpassing current dosimetry limitations.
  • Both Fricke and polyacrylamide gels offer unique properties for dosimetry applications.
  • These gels enhance the precision and safety of radiation therapy through improved dosimetry.