Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

15.9K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
15.9K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.1K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.2K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

16.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
16.4K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

13.8K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
13.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From Molecules to Biomarkers: Nogo Proteins and Receptors in the Early Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Complications: A Systematic Review.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Global survey of genetic testing methods for familial hypercholesterolemia. A study and recommendations from the EAS FHSC registry.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026
Same author

Biochemical characterisation of familial hypercholesterolemia: Associations between genetic and lipid profiles.

Journal of medical biochemistry·2026
Same author

Gestational Diabetes Associated with Postpartum NAFLD Risk Meta-Analysis: Evidence for Sustained Metabolic Dysfunction Beyond Pregnancy.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: A Narrative Review.

Cells·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence-driven clinical decision support systems to assist healthcare professionals and people with diabetes in Europe at the point of care: a Delphi-based consensus roadmap.

Diabetologia·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 30, 2025

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

Published on: January 23, 2018

12.5K

Targeting Mitochondria in Diabetes.

Nina Krako Jakovljevic1, Kasja Pavlovic1, Aleksandra Jotic1

  • 1Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial function declines with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR). Interventions like exercise and medication improve mitochondrial capacity and metabolic health in T2D patients.

Keywords:
blood cellsdiabetes therapyexerciseinsulin resistancelivermitochondriarespirationrespiratory capacityskeletal muscletype 2 diabetes

More Related Videos

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

11.9K
Author Spotlight: Assessment of Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic β-Cells Using Effective and Robust Complementary Approaches
07:04

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic β-Cells Using Effective and Robust Complementary Approaches

Published on: September 15, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 30, 2025

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

Published on: January 23, 2018

12.5K
Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

11.9K
Author Spotlight: Assessment of Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic β-Cells Using Effective and Robust Complementary Approaches
07:04

Author Spotlight: Assessment of Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic β-Cells Using Effective and Robust Complementary Approaches

Published on: September 15, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent metabolic disorder often preceded by insulin resistance (IR).
  • Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism and are implicated in the pathogenesis of IR and T2D.
  • Skeletal muscle and liver mitochondria significantly impact whole-body glucose homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review human studies examining mitochondrial function in liver, muscle, and blood cells in the context of T2D.
  • To identify interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in IR and T2D.
  • To highlight the utility of respirometry for assessing mitochondrial function and treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of human studies focusing on mitochondrial function in T2D.
  • Analysis of data from studies employing respirometry to measure mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
  • Compilation of information on lifestyle and pharmacological interventions impacting mitochondrial function.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial respiratory capacity is reduced in individuals with T2D.
  • Decreased mitochondrial function correlates with disease progression.
  • Lifestyle interventions (e.g., exercise) and pharmacological treatments can improve mitochondrial function and metabolic health.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial respiratory capacity serves as a key metabolic indicator in T2D.
  • Targeting mitochondria offers a promising therapeutic strategy for T2D.
  • Novel therapeutics aimed at mitochondria may provide an integrative approach to managing diabetes and its related defects.