Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy-History and Current Knowledge for Clinical Practice.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Genetics
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is gaining attention but remains underdiagnosed due to a lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria.
• Distinguishing pathological remodeling from physiological adaptation in spongy myocardium is challenging.
• Existing literature lacks a comprehensive summary of current clinical management strategies for NCCM.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of noncompaction cardiomyopathy.
• To address the need for clear diagnostic criteria and management guidelines.
• To prevent misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of NCCM.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on NCCM.
• Synthesis of information on classification, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology.
• Evaluation of clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• NCCM presents diverse morphological variants, complicating diagnosis.
• Recent research has elucidated new pathogenetic and pathophysiologic aspects.
• Genetic testing plays a role in diagnosing and understanding NCCM.

Conclusions:

• A clear understanding of NCCM's classification, pathophysiology, and genetics is crucial.
• Standardized diagnostic criteria and evidence-based management are needed.
• This review aims to guide clinicians in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of NCCM.