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Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Early Detection and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors
Published on: February 16, 2024
Molecular Alterations in Gastric Preneoplastic Lesions and Early Gastric Cancer
Serena Battista1, Maria Raffaella Ambrosio2, Francesco Limarzi3
1Pathology Department, "S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital", Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy.
Abstract:
Prognosis of gastric cancer is dramatically improved by early diagnosis. Correa's cascade correlates the expression of some molecular markers with the progression of preneoplastic lesions toward carcinoma. This article reviews the diagnostic and prognostic values of molecular markers in complete (MUC2) and incomplete (MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) intestinal metaplasia, gastric dysplasia/intra-epithelial neoplasia, and early gastric cancer. In particular, considering preinvasive neoplasia and early gastric cancer, some studies have demonstrated a correlation between molecular alterations and prognosis, for example, mucins phenotype in gastric dysplasia, and GATA6, TP53 mutation/LOH and MUC6 in early gastric cancer. Moreover, this review considers novelties from the literature regarding the (immuno)histochemical characterization of diffuse-type/signet ring cell gastric cancer, with particular attention to clinical outcomes of patients. The aim of this review is the evaluation of the state of the art regarding suitable biomarkers used in the pre-surgical phase, which can distinguish patients with different prognoses and help decide the best therapeutic strategy.
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