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NADPH Oxidase (NOX) Targeting in Diabetes: A Special Emphasis on Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction

Suma Elumalai1, Udayakumar Karunakaran1, Jun-Sung Moon1,2

  • 1Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea.

Cells
|July 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Type 2 diabetes impairs pancreatic beta-cell function due to redox imbalance. NADPH oxidase contributes to oxidative damage, suggesting NOX inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for beta-cell failure.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) involves metabolic stress negatively impacting pancreatic beta-cell function and survival.
  • Redox homeostasis imbalance and reduced endogenous antioxidants in beta-cells lead to oxidative damage and cell death.
  • NADPH oxidase activity is implicated in beta-cell dysfunction under diabetogenic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent insights into redox response deregulation in T2D.
  • To explore the role of NADPH oxidase in beta-cell failure.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of NOX inhibitors for T2D-associated metabolic stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on redox homeostasis in type 2 diabetes.
  • Analysis of the role of NADPH oxidase in beta-cell pathophysiology.
  • Evaluation of preclinical and clinical data on NOX inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Diabetic conditions deregulate the cellular redox response, primarily through NADPH oxidase.
  • Oxidative stress induced by NADPH oxidase contributes significantly to beta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis.
  • NOX inhibitors show promise in preclinical models for protecting beta-cells.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding NADPH oxidase-mediated redox imbalance is crucial for T2D pathogenesis.
  • NOX inhibitors represent a potential therapeutic avenue for preventing or treating beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes.
  • Targeting redox pathways may offer novel strategies for metabolic stress management in diabetes.
Keywords:
NADPH oxidasediabetes mellitusinsulin-secreting cellsoxidative stressreactive oxygen species

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