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Two-Photon Polymerization: Functionalized Microstructures, Micro-Resonators, and Bio-Scaffolds.

Adriano J G Otuka1, Nathália B Tomazio1,2, Kelly T Paula1

  • 1Photonics Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil.

Polymers
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Direct laser writing via two-photon polymerization (TPP) enables advanced 3D microfabrication. This technique is crucial for creating functional microstructures and microenvironments in photonics and biosciences.

Keywords:
direct laser writingfunctional microdevicesscaffolds for biological applicationstwo-photon polymerizationultrashort laser pulseswhispering gallery mode microresonators

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a laser-based 3D microfabrication technique.
  • TPP offers sub-diffraction resolution, material flexibility, and gentle processing.
  • It has seen significant advancements over the last 20 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress of TPP in fabricating functionalized microstructures.
  • To highlight TPP's application in creating whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators.
  • To discuss TPP for microenvironments in microorganism culturing.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of the physical-chemical fundamentals of TPP.
  • Description of typical experimental setups for TPP.
  • Discussion of various materials used in TPP.

Main Results:

  • TPP facilitates the creation of complex 3D microstructures with high precision.
  • Advancements allow for the fabrication of specialized optical components like WGM microresonators.
  • The technique supports the development of tailored microenvironments for biological applications.

Conclusions:

  • TPP is a versatile and powerful tool for advanced microfabrication.
  • Its applications span photonics, biosciences, and micro-optics.
  • Ongoing research continues to expand the capabilities and applications of TPP.