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Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...

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Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

Studying SARS-CoV-2 with Fluorescence Microscopy.

Lidia V Putlyaeva¹, Konstantin A Lukyanov¹

¹Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|July 2, 2021

Summary

This review explores how fluorescence microscopy, especially super-resolution techniques, aids in understanding SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) at a molecular level. Advanced imaging offers new insights into virus-cell interactions and viral biology.

Keywords:

COVID-19 RNA labeling SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genetically encoded probes live cell fluorescence imaging protein labeling super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Virology
Microscopy

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spurred significant research into viral molecular biology.
Understanding virus-cell interactions is crucial for developing diagnostics and therapies.
Conventional fluorescence microscopy has limitations in resolving fine viral structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of fluorescence microscopy in studying SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses.
To discuss the potential of advanced fluorescence labeling and microscopy techniques.
To highlight how these methods can provide deeper insights into SARS-CoV-2 molecular biology.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on fluorescence microscopy applications for SARS-CoV-2 research.
Discussion of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques.
Exploration of advanced fluorescence labeling strategies.

Main Results:

Fluorescence microscopy, particularly super-resolution, enables detailed investigation of virus-cell interactions.
Advanced techniques offer enhanced spatial resolution to visualize virus-related structures.
Current methods provide valuable data on the molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions:

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for studying SARS-CoV-2.
Emerging fluorescence techniques hold promise for uncovering new information about viral mechanisms.
Continued application of advanced microscopy is essential for COVID-19 research.